The Royal Academy of Engineering is a charity that harnesses the power of engineering to build a sustainable society and an inclusive economy that works for everyone. In collaboration with our Fellows and partners, we’re growing talent and developing skills for the future, driving innovation and building global partnerships, and influencing policy and engaging the...Read More

An overview of UK race relations, touching on history, the legislative framework, and current debates.Read More

An overview of research and development, its role in the economy, the current tax credit system, and the political debate around R&D.Read More

Elected as the Conservative MP for Delyn in 2019. Lost the Conservative whip following misconduct allegations in 2021. Former mortgage advisor. Fluent welsh speaker.Read More

Ruth Smeeth, Labour MP for Stoke-on-Trent NorthRead More

Rob Marris, Labour MP for Wolverhampton South West Read More

Roger Mullin, SNP MP for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath Read More

Richard Arkless, SNP MP for Dumfries and Galloway Read More

Regional Development Agencies (RDAs) were non-departmental public bodies, charged with driving economic development, business efficiency, investment and competitiveness, employment, skills and sustainable development in their regions.Read More

This stage normally starts at least two weeks after the end of the committee stage and may last several days. The Report Stage is so named because peers are in theory considering the report of the committee. Report Stages take place on the floor of the House. Any peer can table and move amendments to...Read More

Respect provided the two most memorable moments of election night 2005. The first occurred when George Galloway, leader of the new party, beat Labour's Oona King in Bethnal Green and Bow. It was a dirty fight and there were accusations that Galloway used the paternal prejudices of the local community to win his victory over...Read More

Upon receiving its Royal Assent, a Bill then becomes an Act. Since 1952, Queen Elizabeth II has given Royal Assent to more than 3,650 Acts of Parliament.Read More

This Report Stage of a Bill occurs normally at least two weeks after the end of the committee stage of a Bill.Read More

The Register of Members Interests includes details of the staff or family members that an MP employs; any significant shareholdings or property income that they possess; gifts and donations that they have received; and details of the outside employment or Directorships that they undertake.Read More

Royal Assent is signified to a Bill by the monarch after it has been agreed by both Houses. Royal Assent is announced to the House by the chair. The Bill becomes an Act and, depending on its provision, may come immediately into force or may come into force on a date prescribed by statutory instrument...Read More

Around one third of the EU's budget is dedicated to counterbalancing the natural effects of the internal market, by redistributing resources and economic development across the EU. The main policy instruments available for this purpose are the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the European Social Fund (ESF) – the 'structural funds'. Money is allocated...Read More

When a Prime Minister rearranges Ministers, dismissing some and bringing in new blood, this is known as a government reshuffle. During a major government reshuffle, it is not uncommon for between a third and a half of government posts to change hands.Read More

Ministers continue in office for as long as they have the confidence of the Prime Minister. Except during a reshuffle when they may not be re-appointed or are offered a demotion, Ministers are not generally sacked from their jobs, although they may be invited to tender their resignation by the Prime Minister. The resignation of...Read More